TRAFFIC ENGINEERING

This document is taken almost from a booklet called ''Traffic Engineering', published by the Arizona Highway Department.
TRAFFIC ENGINEERING-

Traffic Engineering is that phase of engineering which deals with the planning, geometric design and traffic operations of roads, streets, and highways, their networks, terminals, abutting lands and relationships with other modes of transportation for the achievement of safe, efficient, and convenient movement of persons and goods.

Traffic Engineering applies engineering principles to help solve transportation problems, and brings into play a knowledge of psychology and habits of users of the transportation systems.

The role of the traffic engineer may be compared to that of the medical profession in protecting the public. As a trained professional he/she looks at the symptoms, and in order to make a competent diagnosis she/he takes traffic counts, analyzes accident statistics, studies speed data, examines roadway conditions, conducts research, and studies what other professionals are doing and the results they have achieved.

Just as the doctor's decision is accepted in matters regarding health, even though the medicine may be bitter or the needle painful, so should the decision of the, professional traffic engineer be given the prime consideration.

semiconductors lab report

Semiconductor Lab-01

Objectives:-
To be familiar with V-I characteristics of Diode.

Apparatus Required:-
1) D.C power supply
2) Voltmeter-1
3) Ammeter-2
4) Resistor (100 ohm or 220 ohm)
5) Diode-1
6) Connecting leads
Theory:-
Semiconducting devices are at the heart of microelectronic evolution leading in the information age. A basic two terminal (+ve & -ve) s/c device having capability of conducting current only in a single direction is Diode. The ideal diode is the most fundamental non-linear circuit. In a forward biased diode with some amount of current the voltage across it is zero.Thus, a forward biased diode behaves as short circuit & is said to be turned on. Similarly, A reverse biased diode behaves as open circuit with no current flowing through it. Thus, an ideal diode can conduct current only when it is connected in a forward direction. The I-V characteristics of ideal diode is highly non- linear ; although it consists of two straight line segments , that are at 90 to each other . A non-linear curve that consists of straight line segments is said to be piece-wise linear.

Analytical statement:-
According to the theory the V-I characteristics curve is non-linear that means the curve go on changing as the voltage increases. Similarly by performing the practical we have observed that the V-I characteristics curve of our practical also goes on varying slowly as the voltage increases and at a certain point it rises suddeny to some extent. Thus, the relation between the curve of the theory that obtained by performing practical is some how similar.

Analogous study:-
As the input voltage was ranged from 0 - 0.4, the current was increased simultaneously with voltage, but when 0.5 volt was taken the current was suddenly increased and at 0.7 volt the current observed was maxmimum. Thus, due to this behaviour of the diode we can easily predict that the diode used is silicon diode. Because, the diode used has similar characteristics to that of the silicon diode. so the type of the diode used is silicon diode. And the V-I curve is linear to some extent but it rised suddenly at final voltage. so, the family of the curve is non-linear.

electronics engineering

Electronic engineering involves the design and testing of electronic circuits that use the electronic properties of components such as resistors, capacitors, inductors, diodes and transistors to achieve a particular functionality.
Courses for electronics-
1) Mathematics
2) Computer Concept
3) Engineering Drawing
4) Physics
5) Workshop Technology
6) Communicative English
7) Computer Programming
8) Object Oriented Programming in C++
9) Electrical Engineering Materials
10) Applied Mechanics
11) Chemistry
12) Electrical Engineering
13) Thermodynamics
14) Digital Electronics
15) Electronic Devices
16) Mechanics & Properties of Solids
17) Applied Mathematics
18) Instrumentation
19) Microprocessor
20) Electronic Circuit
21) Electrical Machines
22) Electromagnetic
23) Numerical Methods
24) Signal and Systems
25) Power System
26) Control Systems
27) Probability and Statistics
28) Communication Systems

29) Computer Graphics
30) Filter Design
31) Digital Control Systems
32) Engineering Economics
33) Computer Architecture
34) Antennas and Propagation
35) Project Management
36) Digital Signal Processing
37) Research Methodology
38) Web Programming Technique
39) project course
40) Applied Sociology

what an engineering is?

Engineering is in the heart of all the evolution ushering all the informatic age.Engineering is the endeavor that creates, maintains, develops, and
applies technology for societies' needs and desires. Its origins go
back to the very beginning of human civilization where tools were
first created and developed. Indeed, a good case can be made for
the defining of humans as those animals that create, develop, and
understand the significance of technology. Engineering justify that
a human is a technological animal and that technology has a
pervasive effect on our lives.